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States with legal gay marriages

The Journey to Marriage Equality in the Joined States

The road to nationwide marriage equality was a long one, spanning decades of United States history and culminating in victory in June 2015. Throughout the long struggle for marriage equality, HRC was at the forefront.

Volunteer with HRC

From gathering supporters in small towns across the country to rallying in front of the Supreme Court of the United States, we gave our all to secure every person, regardless of whom they love, is recognized equally under the law.

A Growing Call for Equality

Efforts to legalize homosexual marriage began to pop up across the region in the 1990s, and with it challenges on the state and national levels. Civil unions for same-sex couples existed in many states but created a separate but matching standard. At the federal level, couples were denied access to more than 1,100 federal rights and responsibilities associated with the institution, as well as those denied by their given state. The Defense of Marriage Act was signed into law in 1996 and defined marriage by the federal government as between a gentleman and woman, thereby allowing states to deny m

Date Same Sex Marriage Legalized By State

All 50 states in the United States have legalized same-sex marriage. Below are the dates when each state did so. On June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriage is a right guaranteed by the Constitution, thus making same-sex marriage legal in the 13 states that have not legalized same-sex marriage up to that point.

By Date
Rank
State Name
Date Matching Sex Marriage Legalized
1
MassachusettsMay 17, 2004
2
ConnecticutNovember 12, 2008
3
IowaApril 24, 2009
4
VermontSeptember 1, 2009
5
New HampshireJanuary 1, 2010
6
New YorkJuly 24, 2011
7
WashingtonDecember 9, 2012
8
MaineDecember 29, 2012
9
MarylandJanuary 1, 2013
10
CaliforniaJune 28, 2013
11
DelawareJuly 1, 2013
12-T
MinnesotaAugust 1, 2013
12-T
Rhode IslandAugust 1, 2013
14
New JerseyOctober 21, 2013
15
HawaiiDecember 2, 2013
16
New MexicoDecember 19, 2013
17
OregonMay 19, 2014
18
PennsylvaniaMay 20, 2014
19
IllinoisJune 1, 2014
20-T
IndianaOctober 6, 2014
20-T
OklahomaOctober 6, 201

Marriage & Relationship Recognition Laws

States with the freedom to marry carry out not ban same-sex couples from entering into legal marriages. Some states also offer comprehensive relationship recognition, such as domestic partnerships or civil unions, to same- and different-sex couples. However, most states still have constitutional amendments, statutes, or both banning marriage for same-sex couples, even after the 2015 Supreme Court case Obergefell extended marriage equality nationwide. For more on the current status of state marriage laws, see MAP's 2022 report: Underneath Obergefell: A National Patchwork of Marriage Laws.

  • Marriage equality for same-sex couples(50 states , 5 territories + D.C.)

  • Comprehensive civil union or local partnership law (9 states + D.C.)

  • State has targeted religious exemption rule (see note)


Citations & More Information

Recommended citation:
Movement Advancement Project. "Equality Maps: Marriage & Relationship Recognition Laws."https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/marriage_relationship_la

MAP Report: The National Patchwork of Marriage Laws Underneath Obergefell

MEDIA CONTACT:   
Rebecca Farmer, Movement Advancement Project
rebecca@lgbtmap.org | 303-578-4600 ext 122

As the Respect for Marriage Act moves through Congress, MAP’s March 2022 report on the landscape of varying state marriage laws around the country is a resource. MAP researchers are available to retort questions and our infographics are available for use.  

MAP’s report, Underneath Obergefell, explores the patchwork of marriage laws around the country. The report highlights the evidence that a majority of states still have existing laws on the books that would ban marriage for same-sex couples – even though those laws are currently unenforceable under the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell.  

If the U.S. Supreme Court were to revisit the Obergefell decision, the ability of same-sex couples to wedding could again fall to the states, where a majority of states still have in place both bans in the statute and in state constitutions.   

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